Sunday, October 14, 2012
မွားသံုးမိတတ္ေသာ စကားလံုးမ်ား
Monday, October 8, 2012
သေဘာတူလား၊ မတူဘူးလား
Friday, October 5, 2012
Infinitive ေရွ႕တြင္ To ထည့္ရန္မလိုေသာ အေျခအေနမ်ား
- I want to visit Japan.
- It's nice to be sitting here with you.
- The main thing is to stay calm.
- I must go now. (
I must to go nowမဟုတ္) - Can you help me?
- I would rather go alone.
- Do you think she might be joking?
- She will probably be elected.
- I will have finished by tomorrow morning.
- They would have won if they had played a bit harder.
- Need I do the washing up?
- How dare you call me a liar?
- You'd better see what she wants.
- She lets her childern stay up very late.
- I made them give me the money back.
- I didn't see you come in.
- We both heard him say that I was leaving.
- Did you feel the earth move?
- Could you help me (to) unload the car? (to ကို ထည့္ခ်င္လည္းရတယ္၊ မထည့္ခ်င္လည္း ရတယ္)
- Have Mrs Hansen come in, please. (US အသံုး)
- I've never known him (to) pay for a drink. (Perfect Tense ျမန္မာအေခၚ Verb 3 ျဖစ္တဲ့ known နဲ႔ပဲ သံုးလို႔ရပါတယ္)
- He was made to pay back the money.
- She was heard to say that she disagreed.
- Why pay more at other shops? We have the lowest prices.
- Why stand up if you can sit down?
- Why sit down if you can lie down?
- You're looking tired. Why not take a holiday?
- I'd like to lie down and go to sleep.
- Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later?
- We had nothing to do except look at the cinema posters.
- I'm ready to do anything but work on a farm.
- It's easier to do it yourself than explain to somebody else how to do it.
- It's as easy to smile as frown.
- I have to feed the animals as well as look after the childern.
- Why don't you do something useful like clean the flat?
- Rather than wait any more, I decided to go home by taxi.
- All I did was (to) give him a little push.
- What a fire-door does is (to) delay the spread of a fire.
Thursday, October 4, 2012
Work Vs Works
Thursday, September 27, 2012
Advice and Information
ပထမဆံုး စာလံုးအေနနဲ႔ " advice " သူ ဟာ Uncountable noun ( ေရတြက္လို႔မရဘူး) ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူ႔အေနာက္မွ s, es ထဲ႔ၿပီး advices ဆိုၿပီး သံုးလို႔မရဘူး။ တကယ္လို႔ အၾကံဥာဏ္ တစ္ခုေပးတယ္ လို႔ ေျပာခ်င္ရင္ သံုးလို႔ရတာက " A piece of advice" ဆိုၿပီး သံုးလို႔ရတယ္။
ဥပမာ
John gave me some good advice.
ဒီစာေၾကာင္းမွာ some ဆိုတာကို သံုးထားတယ္။ some က Joker လိုပဲ countable nouns( ေရတြက္လို႔ရတဲ႔ နာမ္) နဲ႔ uncountable nouns ( ေရတြက္လို႔ မရတဲ႔ နာမ္) ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးလံုးမွာ သံုးလို႔ရတယ္။႔အေပၚက ေပးထားတဲ႔ ဥပမာမွာ some ကို Uncountable noun ျဖစ္တဲ႔ " advice" ေရွ႕မွာသံုးထားတယ္။
ေနာက္တစ္ခုကေတာ႔ "Information" ပါ။
ဒီစာလံုးဟာနဲ႔ advice လိုပဲ Uncountable Noun ျဖစ္တယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ သူ႔ကို s,es ထဲ႔သံုးလို႔ မရသလို အေရွ႕မွာ
articles a,an ေတြန႔ဲလဲ တြဲသံုးလို႔မရဘူး။
ဥပမာ
I need much information about this subject.
I need many informations about this subject.
ပထမ ဥပမာမွာ Much and Information ကို အတူတူ သံုးထားတယ္။ ဆိုလုိတာက Uncountable Nouns အတြက္ သံုးလို႔ရတာက Much ...သူက အေရအတြက္ကို ျပတာ မွန္ေပမယ္႔ ေရတြက္လို႔မရတဲ႔ နာမ္နဲ႔ တြဲသံုးတာ ျဖစ္တဲ႔အတြက္ s, es မထဲ႔ရဘူး။ ဒုတိယ ဥပမာကို ၾကည္႔လိုက္ရင္ ပိုရွင္းသြားတယ္။ Information ( Uncountable Noun) ကို s,es ထဲ႔လို႔မရတဲ႔ အျပင္ many ဆိုတဲ႔ Countable Nouns ( ေရတြက္လို႔ရေသာ နာမ္) ေတြ အတြက္ပဲ သံုးတဲ႔ အေရအတြက္ျပ စာလံုးနဲ႔ တြဲသံုးထားလို႔ ဒုတိယ ဥပမာဟာ မမွန္ပါဘူး။
ကဲ ဒီေန႔ေတာ႔ ဒီေလာက္နဲ႔ပဲ ခဏရပ္ထားလိုက္မယ္။ ဒီသင္ခန္းစာ အဆက္ကို ေနာက္ရက္ ေနာက္ရက္ေတြမွာ အခ်ိန္ရေအာင္ရွာၿပီး အဂၤလိပ္စာ ဘေလာ႔မွာ တင္ႏိုင္ေအာင္ ႀကိဳးစားသြားပါမယ္။
ေခးေရာ႔စ္ (chaos)
Sunday, November 16, 2008
alone / lonely
For example: "He likes living alone."
ဥပမာေလးကို ၾကည္႔မယ္ဆိုရင္ သူသည္ တစ္ေယာက္တည္း ေနရျခင္းကို ႀကိဳက္ႏွစ္သက္သည္။
"I think we're alone now."
ဒီ Example ေလးမွာက်ေတာ႔ တစ္ျခားဘယ္သူမွ မရွိေတာ႔ဘဲ ႏွစ္ေယာက္ထဲပဲ က်န္ခဲ႔ျခင္းကို ဆိုလိုတာပါ။
Lonely ကေတာ႔ Adj ျဖစ္တယ္။ ဒါက ရွည္ရွည္ေ၀းေ၀း ေျပာမယ္ဆိုရင္ ကိုယ္နားမွာ တစ္ျခား ဘယ္သူမွမရွိေတာ႔တဲ႔ အတြက္ စိတ္မခ်မ္းေျမ႕ေနဘူး။ တစ္နည္းအားျဖင္႔ အထီးက်န္ေနျခင္းကို ဆိုလိုတာပါ။
For example: "Mother feels lonely now because all the children have left home."
အေမက အထီးက်န္ေနတယ္….ကေလးေတြ အကုန္လံုး အိ္မ္မွာရွိမေနလို႔…
တစ္ခုသတိထားရမွာက ကိုယ္က တစ္ေယာက္တည္းရွိေနျခင္းကို အထီးက်န္ေနျခင္း ျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ မဆိုလိုပါဘူး။ တစ္ေယာက္တည္း က်န္ခဲ႔ေပမယ္႔ အထီးက်န္ခ်င္မွက်န္မယ္။ တစ္ခါတစ္ခါ အမ်ားနဲ႔ ရွိေနေပမယ္႔လည္း ကိုယ္က အထီးက်န္တယ္ဆိုတ႔ဲ ေ၀ဒနာရဲ႕ ႏွိပ္စက္ျခင္းကို ခံျခင္းလဲခံေနရမယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ alone လို႔ေျပာတိုင္း lonely မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ဘူး။ ဒါကေတာ႔ ဒီစာလံုးႏွစ္လံုးရဲ႕ ကြာျခားခ်က္ေလးပါပဲ။
စာလာဖတ္သူအားလံုး ရႊင္လန္းခ်မ္းေျမ႕တဲ႔ ေန႔သစ္မ်ားစြာကို ပိုင္ဆိုင္ႏိုင္ပါေစ။
May all readers have a bright future. As learning is a never ending process, the more we learn the more we realize that we don't have enough knowledge. That's how learning makes people keep alive.Thanks to all readers.
Monday, October 13, 2008
accept vs except AND advice vs advise
accept vs except
Accept is a verb, which means to agree to take something .
For example: "I always accept good advice."
ဥပမာ။ ။ ကၽြႏု္ပ္သည္ အၾကံဥာဏ္ေကာင္မ်ားကို အျမဲတစ္ေစ လက္ခံေလ႔ရွိသည္။
Except is a preposition or conjunction, which means not including.
Except ကေတာ႔ စကားဆက္ပုဒ္ တစ္ခုေပါ႔။ သူ႔ ရဲ႔အဓိပၸါယ္က "မပါ၀င္ဘူး" "မွလြဲ၍" လို႔ ဆိုလိုပါတယ္။
For example: "I teach every day except Sunday(s)."
ဥပမာ။ ။ ကၽြႏု္ပ္ ေန႔တိုင္း တနဂၤေႏြေန႔မွ လြဲ၍ ေန႔တိုင္း စာသင္ေပးတယ္။
advice vs advise
Advice is a noun, which means an opinion that someone offers you about what you should do or how you should act in a particular situation.
ဥပမာ။ ။ တစ္စံုတစ္ေယာက္က ကၽြႏု္ပ္ကို အၾကံဥာဏ္ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ေပးဖို႔လိုအပ္ေနၿပီ။
ဒီေနရာမွာ advice ကို some advice လို႔သံုးသလို တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ a piece of advice ဆိုၿပီးလဲ သံုးႏႈန္းလို႔ ရပါတယ္။
Advise is a verb, which means to give information and suggest types of action.
For example: "I advise everybody to be nice to their teacher."
ေၾသာ္ …ေျပာဖို႔က်န္ေတာ႔မလို႔။
Wednesday, September 10, 2008
i.e vs e.g
For example: "I like fast cars, e.g. Ferrari and Porche
အျမန္ကားေတြကို ကၽြႏု္ပ္ ႏွစ္သက္သည္။ ဒီ စာေၾကာင္းမွာ ႏွစ္သက္မိတဲ႔ ကားႏွစ္မ်ိဳးႏွစ္စားကို e.g. Ferrari and Porche ဟုေရးထားပါတယ္။ ဒီဥပမာက ရိုရိုးေလးပါ။ ဥပမာအားျဖင္႔ဆိုၿပီး ကိုယ္ႏွစ္သက္ရာ အမ်ိဳးအစားကို ေဖာ္ျပသြားျခင္းပါတယ္။
i.e. ကေတာ႔ “id est” ကို ကိုယ္စားျပဳပါတယ္။ အဓိပၸါယ္ကေတာ႔ “that is” ေပါ႔။ ကိုယ္ရွင္းျပေနတဲ႔ စာပိုဒ္ထဲကားေန ျပန္ညႊန္းျပျခင္းကို ဆိုလိုပါတယ္။
For example: "I like fast cars, i.e. any car that can go over 150mph."
ဒီအေပၚက ဥပမာေလးကို ၾကည္႔ရင္ သိသာႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ အျမန္ကားေတြကို သေဘာက်တယ္။ “i.e.” က အဲ႔စာေၾကာင္းေလးမွာ ဘယ္အျမန္ကားမဆို ညႊန္းထားတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ေရာတတ္တာေလးေတြကို တတ္သေလာက္ မွတ္သေလာက္ စုစည္းတင္ျပျခင္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အဆင္ေျပၾကပါေစေနာ္။
Friday, August 1, 2008
အဂၤလိပ္စာ ဘာေၾကာင္႕မတတ္ၾကသလဲ..
အဂၤလိပ္စာ ဘာေၾကာင္႕မတတ္ၾကသလဲ..တဲ႕
အဟိ နာလဲ ခ်င္ကာပူမွာ ကလယ္ရိုက္ေနတယ္ singlish နဲ႕ စီလုပ္သံေတြၾကားမွာ
ျပီးေတာ႕ အထာမသိတာ
ရန္ကုန္မွာတုနး္ကေတာ႕ ခရီးသြားလုပ္ငန္းဆိုေတာ႕ ႏိုင္ငံျခားသားနဲ႕စကားေျပာတဲ႕ကိစၥကမစိမ္းပဲ ထမင္းစားေရေသာက္ေပမဲ႕ ဒီေရာက္မွ သူတို႕ ဘာေျပာမွန္းကို logic နဲ႕ျပန္ျပန္စဥ္းစားေနရတယ္ အဟတ္ဟတ္ (ကိုယ္ညံ႕ရင္ညံ႕တယ္ေပါ႕ေနာ္)
ထားပါေတာ႕ အခုဒီပို႕စ္ကေတာ႕ ဟိုးေရွးေရွးတုန္းက အရင္ ၁၀ႏွစ္ေလာက္က ဘ၀သစ္ ဦးေအာင္ေက်ာ္မွာ အဂၤလိပ္စာသင္တန္းတက္တုန္းက စာအုပ္ေနာက္ေက်ာဖံုးမွာ ပါတာေလးကို ရိုက္ပီး တင္ေပးလိုက္ပါတယ္ေနာ္
- ကိုယ္တိုင္ တကယ္တတ္ျပီး တပည္႕ေတြကို တကယ္တတ္ေအာင္ သင္ေပးႏိုင္တဲ႕ ဆရာေတြရွားေနလို႕
- ေက်ာင္းေတြ တကၠသို္လ္ေတြမွာ သင္ရတဲ႕ အဂၤလိပ္စာနဲ႕ မလံုေလာက္လို႕။
- အဂၤလိပ္စာကို အခ်န္ယူေလ႕လာမွ၊ ဖတ္သမွ်နားလည္၊ ေျပာခ်င္ရာေျပာ၊ေရးခ်င္ရာေရးႏိုင္တဲ႕ အဆင္႕ကို္ေရာက္မယ္၊ တကယ္တတ္မယ္ဆိုတာကို သေဘာမေပါက္ၾကပဲ၊ သံုးေလး ငါးလေလာက္သင္လိုက္ရင္ တတ္သြားလိမ္႕မယ္လို႕ အထင္အမွားၾကီးမွားျပီး ၾကာရွည္မသင္ခ်င္ၾကလို႕၊ ခဏတျဖဳတ္ပဲ သင္ခ်င္ၾကလို႕။
- အဂၤလိပ္စာအုပ္မ်ိဳးစံုဖတ္မွ တကယ္ေျပာတတ္၊ ေရးတတ္ျဖစ္မယ္ဆုိတာ နားမလည္ၾကတဲ႕အတြက္ ၊ အဂၤလိပ္စာကို ျဖစ္ျဖစ္ေျမာက္ေျမာက္ မဖတ္ၾကလို႕။
- အဂၤလိပ္စာ တကယ္ေတာ္ေအာင္ လုပ္ဖို႕ လုိအပ္တဲ႕သင္တန္း ၾကာရွည္တက္ရတာတို႕ အေရးေလ႕က်င္႕ရတာတို႕လို ကယိကထေတြကို မခံႏိုင္ၾကလို႕။ ဇြဲမရွိလို႕၊ တခ်ိဳ႕ၾကေတာ႕ အဂၤလိပ္စာတတ္ေျမာက္ေရးအတြက္ ေငြကုန္ေၾကးက် မခံႏိုင္ၾကလို႕၊ ဒါမွမဟုတ္မခံခ်င္ၾကလို႕။
- တခ်ိဳ႕ကေတာ႕ ဘာအလုပ္ ညာအလုပ္ ရႈပ္ေနၾကျပီး အဂၤလိပ္စာ တတ္ေျမာက္ေရးအတြက္ အခ်ိန္ေကာင္းေကာင္းမေပးႏိုင္ၾကလို႕။
- အခ်ဳပ္ကေတာ႕ တတ္သာတတ္ခ်င္ၾကျပီး တကယ္တတ္ေအာင္ ဒုကၡမခံႏုိင္ၾကလို႕ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
တတ္ေအာင္ ဒါေတြလုပ္ပါ..တဲ႕
- အဂၤလိပ္စာအုပ္မ်ိဳးစံု အသံထြက္ဖတ္ပါ။ လြယ္တာေတြ စဖတ္ပါ။
- အဂၤလိပ္စာသင္တန္း ၾကာၾကာတက္ပါ။ အလုပ္မ်ားရင္ ခဏနားျပီး အားေတာ႕ဆက္တက္ပါ။ ေတာ္ရံုတန္ရံု အလုပ္မ်ားရံုနဲ႕ သင္တန္းမရပ္ပါနဲ႕။
- အဂၤလိပ္စကားေျပာ အေခြေတြၾကည္႕ပါ နားေထာင္ပါ။ အဂၤလိပ္တီဗီ၊ ရုပ္ရွင္ေတြၾကည္႕ပါ။ အဂၤလိပ္ေရဒီယို နားေထာင္ပါ။
- စိတ္တူသေဘာတူ သူငယ္ခ်င္းေတြနဲ႕ အဂၤလိပ္စကားေျပာေလ႕က်င္႕ပါ။ မရွက္ပါနဲ႕။ တစ္ေယာက္တည္းလဲ အေျပာက်င္႕ေနပါ။(သူမ်ားေတာ႕မၾကားေစနဲ႕ေပါ႕)တဲ႕
ကဲ.. အားလံုးပဲ တကယ္လုပ္ရင္တကယ္တတ္တာမို႕ ၾကိဳးစားၾကဖုိ႕လို႕ တိုက္တြန္းလုိက္ပါတယ္ေနာ္...
Thursday, July 24, 2008
ise and ize
Oxford University က computerize, capitalize, capsize, organize, organization, privatize, publicize, realize အစရွိတဲ႔ စာလံုးေတြမွာဆိုရင္ ize နဲ႔ဆံုးသင္႔တယ္ေပါ႔။
analyse, advertise, advise, arise, compromise, disguise, despise, enterprise, exercise, merchandise, revise, supervise, surprise အစရွိတဲ႔ စာလံုးေတြကိုေတာ႔ ise နဲ႔ဆံုးရမယ္ေပါ႔။
Concise Oxford Dictionary မွာ ရွာမယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ႔ ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးလံုး သံုႏႈန္းထားတာ ေတြ႔ႏိုင္တယ္။
e.g., 'realise' or 'realize', 'organise' or 'organize' ။ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႔ စာလံုးေတြကို က်ျပန္ေတာ႔လည္း
'analyse' = British English, 'analyze' = American English ဆိုၿပီး ခြဲထားေပးတာရွိတယ္။
ဒါေပမယ္႔ ise နဲ႔ ize စာလံုးေပါင္းနဲ႔ ပါတ္သက္လို႔ ဒီေအာက္က အခ်က္ေလးေတြက ေထာက္အကူျပဳႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
- Noun and verb: စာလံုးတစ္လံုးထဲကပဲ Noun ကိုေရာ၊ Verb ကိုေရာ ကိုယ္စားျပဳၿပီး စာလံုးေပါင္းလို႔ရမယ္ဆိုရင္ ise ကိုသံုးတယ္။ (like “exercise”)
- Pronunciation: ဥပမာ စာလံုးတစ္လံုး -eyes (အိုင္း) လိုအသံမထြက္တဲ႔ဟာမ်ိဳးဆိုရင္ ise ကိုသံုးတယ္။ ဥပမာ အားျဖင္႔ “promise”
- Stem: ေနာက္ၿပီး Latin, Greek စာလံုးက ဆင္းသက္လာတဲ႔ အဂၤလိပ္စာလံုး မွွာ is နဲ႔ဆံုးတယ္ဆိုရင္ ise ကိုသံုးတယ္။ ဥပမာ vis နဲ႔ဆံုးတဲ႔ စာလံုးတစ္လံုးဆိုပါစို႔။ ဒါဆိုရင္ သူ႔ကို "televise" ဆိုၿပီးေတာ႔သံုးပါတယ္။
* အခုအေပၚမွာ ေဖာ္ျပထားတဲ႔ အခ်က္နဲ႔မကိုက္ညီတဲ႔ စာလံုးေတြကိုေတာ႔ ize သံုးတယ္။ *
ေတာ္လြန္းတတ္လြန္း၍ ဆရာလုပ္ေနျခင္းမဟုတ္ပါ။ ဆက္လက္သင္ယူရင္း၊ ေလ႔လာရင္း၊ အသံုးတည္႔မည္ ထင္ေသာ သင္ခန္းစာမ်ားကို မွ်ေ၀ေပးျခင္းသာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ေခးေရာ႔စ္
Friday, March 28, 2008
Learn English Links
ေအာက္က လင္႕ခ္ေတြကေတာ႕ ကိုခ်မ္းဆီက မလာတာ။
IELTS
Listening
Writing
- www.ohiou.edu/esl/english/writing/index.html
- www.uefap.co.uk/writing/exercise/exwrifeat.htm
- www.elc.polyu.edu.hk/cill/writing.htm
- www.vuw.ac.nz/llc/academic-writing/pbuild1.html
- www.uefap.com/writing/writfram.htm
Vocabulary
Grammar
- http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/
- www.world-english.org
- http://www.vnn.vn/vnn4/test/
- www.flo-joe.co.uk/cae/students/index.htm
- www.flo-joe.co.uk/cpe/students/index.htm
Online Dictionary
Master of All Dictionary http://en.wikipedia.org
- http://dictionary.cambridge.org/
- Merriam-Webster Online Collegiate Dictionary, A free, searchable on-line dictionary and thesaurus, word games, a word of the day, and many other English language and vocabulary reference tools and resources.
- Roget's Thesaurus, 1911 edition
- Wordsmyth Educational Integrated Dictionary-Thesaurus: online American English dictionary with an integrated thesaurus. It contains 50,000 headwords, and very precisely defined and hyperlinked synonyms.
- CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
- Columbia Encyclopedia Online, 6th ed. 2000 The Columbia Encyclopedia, the most up-to-date encyclopedia available, contains over 50,000 article entries, 40,000 bibliographic citations and over 80,000 cross-reference entries.
- AllWords Dictionary Search
- Dictionary of American Sign Language
- English to American Dictionary
IDIOM
- http://www.english-zone.com/idioms/dictionary.html
- http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/
- http://www.tjtaylor.net/reference-idioms-phrasal-verbs2.htm
Dictionary of Computing
- ComputerUser High-Tech Dictionary: Search for definitions to more than 7,000 high-tech terms!
- WhatIs.com Internet and Computer Dictionary Contains definitions of 2,000 computer terms; TechWeb Technology Encyclopedia - over 11,000 definitions of computer and technology terms and concepts. Dictionary of PC Hardware and Data Comm. Terms
- Free Online Dictionary of Computing
- The New Hacker's Dictionary: the Jargon
- Kadow's Internet Dictionary
Wednesday, March 5, 2008
၀ါက်ဖြဲ႕စည္းပံု..(၁)
S+V+O(PTMR) ဆိုျပီး အလြယ္မွတ္ခဲ႕ပါတယ္။
အဲဒီမွာမွ subject နဲ႕ object ေတြမွာ noun, pronoun နဲ႕ singular, plural ပံုစံေတြ ထပ္မံသိဖို႕ လိုအပ္သလို verb မွာလဲ verb to do, verb to be, helping verb နဲ႕ phrasal verb ေတြအေၾကာင္း verb ေတြရဲ႕ tense ေတြအေၾကာင္း၊ active, passive ပံုစံေတြအေၾကာင္းလဲ ထပ္မံသိဖို႕ လိုအပ္ပါေသးတယ္။ ျပီးေတာ႕ ဒီ noun ေတြ verb ေတြကို ထူးျခားေအာင္ လာလုပ္ေပးတဲ႕ adjectives, adverbs (နာမ၀ိေသသန၊ ၾကိယာ၀ိေသသန) ေတြ အေၾကာင္းလဲ ဆင္႕ပြားသိရွိ အသံုးခ်ရပါမယ္။ အဲဒါေတြကိုေတာ႕ ေနာက္မွ ထပ္ျပီး ေဆြးေႏြးေျပာျပခ်င္ပါတယ္။
ဒီပို႕စ္မွာေတာ႕ verb to be နဲ႕ ပါတ္သက္ျပီး be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being ေတြရဲ႕ အဓိပၸါယ္ သက္ေရာက္ပံု ရွိသည္၊ ျဖစ္သည္ ေပၚမွာ မူတည္ျပီး အေနာက္မွာ လုိက္တဲ႕ noun သည္ object အေနနဲ႕ မဟုတ္ေတာ႕ပဲ complement(ျဖည္႕စြက္ပုဒ္) အျဖစ္ ေခၚေ၀ၚသံုးစြဲပံုေလးကို ေျပာျပခ်င္တာပါ။
ဥပမာ-
Mg Mg is a teacher.
ေမာင္ေမာင္ သည္ ဆရာ တစ္ေယာက္ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။
Mg Mg = Subject
is = verb to be
a teacher= complement (ကံပုဒ္ object မဟုတ္ေတာ႕ပါ)။
ေနာက္ထပ္ ဥပမာတခုအေနနဲ႕ There was a very pretty girl in this ancient city. ဆိုပါေတာ႕
ဤေရွးေဟာင္းျမိဳ႕ေတာ္တစ္ခုတြင္ အလြန္လွပေသာ မိန္းကေလးတစ္ေယာက္ ရွိခဲ႕သည္။
a very pretty girl = complement
There = subject
was = verb to be
in this ancient city = place(adverb)
အဲေတာ႕ S+V+complement ဆုိျပီးျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
နားလည္လြယ္ပါတယ္ေနာ္။
တလက္စတည္း adjective လို႕မေခၚေ၀ၚပဲ Nouns in position (ျမန္မာလို ဘယ္လိုေခၚပ၊ သိရင္ေျပာေပးၾကပါဦး)
အေနနဲ႕ အသံုးျပဳတဲ႕ ပံုစံတခုကို ေျပာျပခ်င္ပါတယ္။
အဲဒါကေတာ႕ ကိုယ္ပိုင္နာမ္(private noun) တခုကို ထူးျခားေအာင္ ေဖၚျပခ်င္တဲ႕ အခါမ်ိဳးမွာ နာမ၀ိေသသနနဲ႕ တြဲဖက္ေဖၚျပလို႕ မရပဲ အဲဒီ nouns in position ပံုစံေလးနဲ႕ အသံုးျပဳရပါတယ္။
ဥပမာ- Mg Mg, a young business man, donate 10,000 $ to MBS for fire rescue fund.
ျမန္မာလိုမွာေတာ႕ လူငယ္စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းရွင္ တစ္ဦးျဖစ္သူ ေမာင္ေမာင္သည္ မီးေဘးကယ္ဆယ္ေရး ရံပံုေငြအတြက္ ေဒၚလာ တစ္ေသာင္းကို MBS သုိ႕ လွဴဒါန္းပါသည္။ အဲလို ေရးလို႕ျဖစ္ေပမဲ႕
အဂၤလိပ္လိုမွာကေတာ႕ ေမာင္ေမာင္ကို တုိက္ရိုက္ adjective နဲ႕ အထူးျပဳေဖၚျပလုိ႕ မရတဲ႕ အတြက္ ေကာ္မာခံျပီးမွ အဲလို ျဖည္႕စြက္ေဖၚျပသြားရပါတယ္။ ဘာသာျပန္တဲ႕အခါမွာေတာ႕ ေမာင္ေမာင္သည္ မီးေဘးကယ္ဆယ္ေရး ရံပံုေငြအတြက္ ေဒၚလာ တစ္ေသာင္းကို MBS သုိ႕ လွဴဒါန္းပါသည္။ ေမာင္ေမာင္ဆိုသည္မွာ လူငယ္စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းရွင္ တစ္ဦးျဖစ္ပါသည္ ဆုိျပီး ႏွစ္ေၾကာင္း အဓိပါၸယ္ ျပန္ရပါမယ္။
ေနာက္ဥပမာ တခု ထပ္စဥ္းစားၾကည္႕ရေအာင္ေနာ္။
Mandalay, the second largest city, was the last Kingdom of the Myanmar Dynasty before the British took over.
အဲဒီမွာ မန္းေလးကို ဒုတိယအၾကီးဆံုးျမိဳ႕ေတာ္ဆိုျပီး ျဖည္႕စြက္ အထူးျပဳသံုးႏႈံးထားတာပါ။
စကားစပ္တုန္း ဘာသာျပန္တာေလးရဲ႕ အစီအစဥ္ကိုလဲ ေျပာပါရေစ။
အဂၤလိပ္မွာ subject, verb, object ေတြနဲ႕ ၀ါက်ထဲမွာ ပါ၀င္မႈေတြကို ABC လို႕ အစဥ္ေလးလုပ္ၾကည္႕ရင္ ျမန္မာလို ဘာသာျပန္တဲ႕ အခါ CBA အျဖစ္ဘာသာျပန္ရပါမယ္။ ေလာေလာဆယ္မွတ္ရံုမွတ္ထားေပးပါ။ ေနာက္မ်ား ၾကံဳရင္ ဥပမာေလးနဲ႕ တကြ တင္ျပပါမယ္ေနာ္။
လာဖတ္သြားရင္ က်မေျပာသြားတဲ႕ ထဲက လုိအပ္ခ်က္ေလးမ်ားေတြ႕ခဲ႕ရင္ ညႊန္ျပေ၀ဖန္အၾကံေပးသြားၾကပါဦးလို႕..
ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္။
Tuesday, February 26, 2008
၀ါက် ဖြဲ႕စည္းပံု
1. Noun (နာမ္)
2. Pronoun (နာမ္စား)
3. Verb (ၾကိယာ)
4. Adverb (ၾကိယာ၀ိေသသန)
5. Adjectives (နာမ၀ိေသသန)
6. Preposition (ေရွ႔ေဆာင္ပုဒ္ (၀ါ) ၀ိဘတ္) (ေနရာေရွ႕ဆက္မ်ား)
7. Conjunction (စကားဆက္ (၀ါ) သမၺႏၶ)
8. Interjection (အာေမဍိတ္)
စသည္တုိ႔ပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္.
အဲဒီ႔ ၀ါစက ရွစ္မ်ိဳးကုိ အသုံးျပဳျပီးေတာ႔ ၀ါက်မ်ားကုိ တည္ေဆာက္ထားျခင္းပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ာ. ဒီ ၀ါစကရွစ္မ်ိဳးကုိ ကၽြမ္းက်င္ပုိင္ႏုိင္စြာ တတ္ေျမာက္ရင္ေတာ႔ English Grammar ကုိ ပိုိင္ႏုိင္သူတစ္ေယာက္ ျဖစ္ဖုိ႔ ရာခုိင္ႏႈန္းအမ်ားၾကီး ရွိသြားပါျပီလုိ႕ ဦးဦးကထိက က ေျပာပါတယ္။
အခု ဆရာမ မယ္လိုဒီေမာင္ကေနျပီးေတာ႕ ဒီ၀ါစဂၤ ၈မ်ိဳးကို အေျခခံ ဘယ္လို ထားသိုေရးသားရမလဲဆိုတာ ဆက္လက္ ေျပာျပခ်င္တာပါ။
English မွာ sentence construction (၀ါက် ဖြဲ႕စည္းပံု) မွာ ႏွစ္မ်ိဳး အရင္ ခြဲျခားလိုပါတယ္။ အဲဒါကေတာ႕
Simple sentence (ရိုးရွင္းလြယ္ကူေသာ ၀ါက်) ႏွင္႕ Complex sentence (ေထြျပားေသာရႈပ္ေထြးေသာ ၀ါက်) လုိ႕ပဲ ျမင္ၾကည္႕ခ်င္ပါတယ္။
Simple sentence Construction အေနနဲ႕ဆိုရင္ S+V+O(PTMR) ဆိုျပီး အလြယ္မွတ္ၾကပါစို႕။
ဒီေနရာမွာ S ဆိုတာ Subject (ျပဳလုပ္သူ) ကိုေျပာတာပါ။
V ကေတာ႕ Verb(ျပဳျခင္း၊လုပ္ျခင္း သို႕မဟုတ္ ၾကိယာ) ကိုဆိုလုိျပီးေတာ႕ O ကေတာ႕ Object(အျပဳခံရသူ) ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ PTMR ကေတာ႕ ၾကိယာ၀ိေသသန (Adverbs မ်ားျဖစ္ၾကတဲ႕ place, time, manner, reason) ေနရာ၊ အခ်ိန္၊ အျပဳအမူနဲ႕ အေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္တို႕ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
အဲဒီေတာ႕ က်မဆိုလိုခ်င္တာက ရိုးရွင္းေသာ၀ါက်တစ္ေၾကာင္းဖြဲ႕စည္းဖို႕ ဒီအစီအစဥ္ကို အလြတ္မွတ္သားေစခ်င္ပါတယ္။ ျမန္မာသဒၵါလိုဆုိရင္ ကတၱား+ၾကိယာ+ကံပုဒ္ ႏွင္႕ ၾကိယာ၀ိေသသန တို႕ ဆိုတဲ႕ အတိုင္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
နမူနာေလးေတြ ေရးၾကည္႕မယ္ဆုိရင္..
I drink coffee daily. Where as I = S; drink= V; coffee= O and daily = T
Mg Mg held Birthday Party at Park Royal Hotel Last Night. Where as Mg Mg= S; held= V; Birthday Party=O; at Park Royal Hotel=P and Last Night=T
တကယ္လို႕ ဥာဏ္ကြန္႕ျမဴးမယ္ဆိုရင္ Happily ဆိုျပီး အျပဳအမူ Manner ကို သူ႕ေနရာ အလုိက္ ေနာက္ဆံုးမွာ ထည္႕သံုးလို႕ ရပါတယ္။ (မွတ္ခ်က္၊။ အကယ္၍ Last Night ဆိုတဲ႕ အခ်ိန္ကို ေရွ႕ဆံုးမွာ ေကာ္မာခံျပီးေရးမယ္ဆိုလဲ ဦးစားေပးေရးတဲ႕အေနနဲ႕ ေရးလို႕ရပါတယ္။ ဒီလုိျခြင္းခ်က္ေတြကိုေတာ႕ ေနာက္မွ ဆက္ေျပာပါရေစ)
ဒါဆိုရင္ ခုလို simple sentence ေလးေတြကို ၁၀ေၾကာင္းေလာက္ စိတ္ကူးထဲမွာျဖစ္ျဖစ္ စာရြက္ေပၚမွာျဖစ္ျဖစ္ စမ္းေတြးေရးၾကပါဦးလို႕ အရင္ တိုက္တြန္းလုိက္ပါတယ္။
ေနာက္ရက္မ်ားမွ ဆက္လက္ျပီး Simple sentence ရဲ႕ တျခားမတူညီမႈေလးကို ဆက္ေရးပါမယ္ေနာ္။
Sunday, February 24, 2008
Names of Seafood
ကႏုကမာ - scallops
ကကတစ္ -
ကကူရံ(ငါးလက္ခြာ) - giant sea perch; Bectic
ကဘီလူး - king fish; tasselfish
ကသပိုး - bluespot grey mullet
ကင္းမြန္ - bar-eyed goby
ကဏန္း - squid
ကဏန္းလက္မ - crab
ေက်ာက္ပုဇြန္ -crab claw
ေက်ာ္စံေကး - lobster
ခံုးေကာင္ - small frog
ခံုးတစ္ၿခမ္း - clam
ခရု - abalone
ငါးက်ည္း - winkle
ငါးက်ည္းေၿခာက္ - sccobranch catfish; scorpion cat fish
ငါးၾကင္း - smoked sccobranch catfish
ငါးကြမ္းရွပ္ - mrigal
ငါးခူ - thunnus tonggol
ငါးေခြးလွ်ာ - catfish
ငါးခံုးမ - tongue sole
ငါးစင္ရိုင္း - barb
ငါးဇင္းၿပား - striped dwarf cat fish
ငါးတန္ - bigeye ilisha
ငါးတီး - striped catfish
ငါးတံခြန္ - false trevally
ငါးေထြ - largehead hairtail
ငါးႏုသန္း - whisker sheatfish; silvery catfish
ငါးႏွပ္ - bummalo
ငါးနီတူ - commerson's anchovy
ငါးပေနာ္ - Great snake-head fish
ငါးပါးနီ - humpback red snapper
ငါးပုဏ္ဏား - mango fish
ငါးပုတ္သင္ - soldier croaker
ငါးေၿပမ - climbing perch
ငါးေဖာင္ရိုး - Garfish
ငါးေဖာင္ရိုးေၿခာက္ - dried garfish
ငါးဖန္းမ - carplet
ငါးဖယ္ - featherback
ငါးဖယ္ေအာင္း - smelt; siamese river abramine
ငါးဘဲၿဖဴ - longfin mogarra
ငါးဘတ္ - great white sheatfish
ငါးေမြထိုး - spotted spingeel
ငါးမုတ္ၿဖဴ - silver pomfret
ငါးမုတ္မည္း - black pomfret
ငါးမန္း - shark
ငါးမန္းေတာင္ - shark's fin
ငါးမ်က္ဆန္နီ - red-eyed hudgeon
ငါးၿမင္း - mekong giant catfish
ငါးၿမင္းရင္း - large barbuleless catfish
ငါးၿမစ္ခ်င္း - rohu
ငါးရံ႔ - striped snakehead
ငါးရွဥ္႔ - eel
ငါးေရႊ - yellow pike-conger
ငါးလင္ပန္း - long-finned eel; level finned eel
ငါးသလဲထိုး - loach
ငါးသေလာက္ - hilsa
ငါးသေလာက္ေယာက္ဖ - toli shad
ငါးသေလာက္ဥ - hilsa roe
ငါးသံခ်ိတ္ - dwarf catfish
ငါးသိုင္း - rohita carp
ငါးသိုင္းေခါင္းပြ - catla
ငါးအုပ္ဖား(ငါးၿမင္းအုပ္ဖား) - fat-headed catfish
ပုဇြန္က်ား - tiger prawn
ပုဇြန္ေက်ာ႔ - medium-sized prawn
ပုဇြန္ခ်ဥ္ - pickled shrimps
ပုဇြန္ဆိတ္ - shrimp
လုလုမီးဖုိေခ်ာင္က မလာတာ လို႕ ထင္မိတာပဲ။ (ေမ႕ေနပီ ဘယ္ကလဲဆိုတာ)
Saturday, February 16, 2008
သိုးကေလ (Poem of Bagan Period) ျမန္မာ+အဂၤလိပ္ဘာသာျပန္
၁။ သိုးကေလ၊ ပုပၸားနတ္ေတာင္၊
အေခါင္ျမင့္ဖ်ား၊ စံုေတာျပား၌၊
နံ႔ရွားၾကိဳင္လြင့္၊ ခါတန္ပြင့္သည္၊
ေရႊႏွင့္ယိုးမွား ပန္းစကား။
- Oh Nat-spirit with the headdress of Tho-saung
In the thicket of dense forest on the summit of lofty Mt.Popa
Are the fragrant Champac flowers which bloom seasonally.
And their colour can be mistaken for gold.
၂။ သိုးကေလ၊ စကားပြင့္ႏွင့္၊
ႏိႈင္းတင့္ႏိုးသည္၊ ရဲမ်ိဳးသမီး၊
ေမာင္ၾကီးႏွမ၊ ညက္လွျပာစင္၊
မယ့္သည္ပင္သည္ ခရီးသား။
- Oh Nat-spirit with the headdress of Tho-saung
She was the daughter of the brave man
Her beauty could be compared to the Champac flower.
She was brought up under the care of the good brother.
She had a lover kept in the heart of her heart.
He was not with her. He was a serviceman away on a journey.
၃။ သိုးကေလ၊ ျမိတ္လြတ္စုလည္း၊
အငယ္တည္းက၊ ကြ်မ္း၀င္ၾကသည္၊
ေမြးဖတူရင္း၊ မ်ိဳးသည္မင္းႏွင့္၊
ခ်စ္ျခင္းစုရံုး၊ သက္ထက္ဆံုးသည္၊ ႏွလံုးမျခား ေစာင့္တရား။
- Oh Nat-spirit with the headdressof Tho-saung
Since childhood while she still wore
Myeiklutsu hair knot on her head
The twain were fond of each other
He was a nephew of her father
He was thus related to her
The twain were united by attachment
till the end of their lives
They kept their mutual faith.
၄။ ေဆြမိမင္း၊ မ်က္သုတ္နီစင္၊
ရထည္းဖ်င္ႏွင့္၊ က်ိဳင္းစဥ္ျမ၀ါ၊
မတ္ၾကီးလ်ာကို၊ မယ္သာၾကိဳက္မိ တုမရွိ။
- Her relative lover wore a red towel
And a fine Lenin jacket
He was strong, handsome and manly,
He was a knight-designate
She loved him so much
Her love for him was beyond measure.
(Anonymous, Bagan Period)
Notes
This Linka (လကၤာ), the simplest form of
The content of this Linka suggests the tragic story of a mighty Blacksmith Tint De (ပန္းပဲေမာင္တင့္တယ္) and his cousin sister both of whome met violent death and were believed to have become Nat-spirits dwelling on Mt.Popa till today.
(from An Outline History of
(ကိုဘေကာင္း ကမကထျပဳတဲ့ Burmafication မွာလည္း တင္ထားပါတယ္။ အဲဒီမွာ ေရွးေခတ္ေဟာင္းကဗ်ာ၊ လကၤာ အဂၤလိပ္ဘာသာျပန္ေတြကို က်ေနာ္ဆက္တင္ေပးမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။)
Posted by mm thinker
Thursday, January 24, 2008
အီဒီယမ္သင္ခန္းစာ(၄)
To make use of (someone or something) in such a way as to benefit oneself
တစ္စံုတစ္ခု (သို႔) တစ္စံုတစ္ရာ ကိုအသံုးျပဳ၍ မိမိအတြက္ အက်ိဳးအျမတ္ရွိေအာင္ ျပဳလုပ္ျခင္း
e.g., She was so kind and generous that people tended to take advantage of her.
လူေတြက သူမ၏ ၾကင္နာတတ္မႈ၊ သေဘာေကာင္းမႈ အေပၚတြင္ အျမဲ အျမတ္ထုတ္ဖို႔ အားထုတ္ၾကံစည္ေနသည္။
So that the good points are easily seen:
ေကာင္းကြက္မ်ားကို အလြယ္တကူ ျမင္သာျခင္း။
e.g., The evening suit showed off his tall elegant figure to advantage.
ညေနခင္း ၀တ္စံုက သူရဲ႔ ျမင္႔မားတဲ႔ အရပ္နဲ႔ ရည္မြန္တဲ႔ ပံုစံကို အလြယ္တကူ ေပၚလြင္ေစခဲ႔တယ္။
The aftermath
The situation etc resulting from an important, especially unpleasant, event:
အေရးႀကီးေသာ အျဖစ္အပ်က္၊ အထူးသျဖင္႔ စိတ္မခ်မ္းေျမ႔ဖြယ္ ကိစၥမ်ား၊ ျဖစ္ရပ္မ်ားမွ ရရွိလာေသာ အေျခအေနတစ္ခု
e.g., The country is still recovering from the aftermath of the war.
ႏိုင္ငံ၏ အေျခအေနသည္ စစ္ၿပီးကာလမွ နလံျပန္ထူႏိုင္ရန္ အားထုတ္ေနရဆဲျဖစ္သည္။
Be after
To be looking for or hoping to be given something:
တစ္စံုတစ္ခုကို ရွာေဖြျခင္း၊ တစ္ခုခုရရွိရန္ ေမွ်ာ္လင္႔ခ်က္ထားရွိျခင္း။
e.g., The police are after him; What are you after?
ရဲသားမ်ားက သူ႔ကိုလိုက္ရွာေနၾကတယ္။ မင္းက ဘာကိုလိုက္ရွာေနတာလဲ?
Be up against
To be in a position where one has to deal with very severe, often apparently impossible difficulties:
အခက္အခဲ၊ ဒုကၡမ်ားကို ရင္ဆိုင္ၾကံဳေတြ႔ရျခင္း။
e.g., We have only just enough money to live on now, and if my husband loses his job we’ll be up against it.
အခုလက္ရွိငါတို႔မွာ ေငြလက္က်န္နဲနဲေလးနဲ႔ ေနေနရတယ္. တကယ္လို႔မ်ား ငါ႔ခင္ပြန္းသာ သူ႔အလုပ္ကို လက္လႊတ္လိုက္ရရင္ ငါတို႔ေတာ႔ က်ဥ္းထဲက်ပ္ထဲမွာ ဒုကၡပင္လယ္ေ၀ၿပီ။
Come of age
To become old enough to be considered legally an adult
အရြယ္ေရာက္လာၿပီ ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းကို တရား၀င္သတ္မွတ္ခံရျခင္း။
e.g., My uncle will look after my inheritance until I come of age.
ကၽြန္ေတာ႔ ရပိုင္ခြင္႔အေမြမ်ားကို ကၽြန္ေတာ္အရြယ္မေရာက္ခင္ အထိ ဦးေလးက တာ၀န္ယူထိန္းသိမ္းထားမည္။
Aid and abet
To provide help and encouragement in some
တရားမ၀င္ေသာ၊ ဆိုး၀ါးေသာ လုပ္ငန္းေဆာင္တာမ်ားအတြက္ အကူအညီေပးျခင္း၊ အားေပးအားေျမွာက္ျပဳျခင္း။
e.g., His wife aids and abets him in his dishonest deeds.
သူ႔ရဲ႔ မရိုးသားတဲ႔ အျပဳအမူမ်ား၊ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားကို သူ၏ ဇနီးက အကူအညီေပးလ်က္ရွိသည္။
Thursday, January 10, 2008
Vocabulary Chapter-2
1) dialog - n
- The movie was shown with English subtitles because all its dialog was in French.
- At the PCA meeting last night, a dialog between parents and the faculty helped to clear up some differences between them.
Dialog means- a. a title b. a conversation c. an action
2) erratic - n
- Children's eating habits are erratic. One day they'll barely eat, and the next they'll eat enough for three.
- The driver ahead of me was erratic - he kept changing his speed and his lame.
Erratic means- a. noisy b. healthy c. irregular
3) extensive - adj
- Selina did extensive research for her paper - it took her several weeks.
- To save the wounded police officer, doctors performed extensive surgery that lasted for hours.
Extensive means- a. done quickly b. risky c. large in amount
4) forfeit - v
- The basketball players were upset when the team bus broke down and they had to forfeit an important game.
- If Phil damages his parents' car againg, he will forfeit the right to drive more.
Forfeit means- a. to give up b. to win c. to ignore
5) fortify - v
- The night before running a marathon, Elsa fortifies herself by eating a large plate of pasta.
- The builders plan to fortify the old tower with steel beams.
Fortify means- a. to relax b. to strengthen c. to prove
6) illuminate - v
- Before electricity, streets were illuminated by gaslight.
- On Halloween, we made our trick-or-treat rounds with a flashlight to illuminate the way.
Illuminate means- a. to lose b. to clean c. to light up
7) isolate - v
- I thought I would enjoy isolating myself at the vacation cabin, but I soon felt lonely.
- Freddy was such a troublemaker that the teacher put his desk in a far corner to isolate him from the other students.
Isolate means- a. to protect b. to separate c. to recognize
8) refuge - n
- A motorcycle offers no refuge in bad weather.
- My boyfriend and I first met when we took refuge in the same doorway during a sudden rain.
Refuge means- a. a shelter b. transportation c. a reason
9) reminisce- v
- On their wedding anniversary, Lenny and Jean reminisced about their first date.
- My father showed me his trophy and reminisced about his years as a star basketball player.
Reminisce means- a. to remember b. to forget c. to ask
10) urban- adj
- Skyscrapers make for tightly packed urban populations. For example, some 16,000 people work in the Sears Tower in Chicago.
- Gladys likes urban living because she grew up in the city, but Emilio, who grew up on a farm, prefers country life.
Urban means- a. country b. city c. national
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အေျဖမ်ား
1) dialog- B [ အျပန္အလွန္စကားေျပာ ]
2) erratic- C [ တစ္သမတ္တည္းမဟုတ္ေသာ၊ အေျပာင္းအလဲျမန္ေသာ ]
3) extensive- C [ က်ယ္ျပန္႕ေသာ ]
4) forfeit- A [ လက္လႊတ္အဆံုးရံႈးခံသည္ ]
5) fortify- A [ ခုခံႏိုင္ရန္ အခိုင္အခံ့ ျပဳလုပ္သည္ ]
6) illuminate- C [ မီးထြန္းသည္ ]
7) isolate- B [ သီးသန္႕ထားသည္၊ သီးျခားရွိေစသည္ ]
8) refuge- A [ ခုိလံႈရာ ]
9) reminisce- A [ ျပန္စဥ္းစားသည္၊ စားျမံဳ႕ျပန္သည္ ]
10) urban- B [ ျမိဳ႕ျပႏွင့္သက္ဆုိင္ေသာ ]
Matching Words with Definitions
1) To light up
2) To lose through some fault; to be forced to give up by way of penalty
3) Shelter; protection
4) Of or in a city
5) A conversation; the conversation between characters in a story, novel, or play
6) To separate from others
7) Large in space or amount
8) To strengthen
9) To remember and talk about the past
10) Not consistent
အေျဖမ်ား
1) illuminate
2) forfeit
3) refuge
4) urban
5) dialog
6) isolate
7) extensive
8) fortify
9) reminisce
10) erratic
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မွတ္ခ်က္.. Building Vocabulary Skills စာအုပ္မွကူးယူေဖာ္ျပပါသည္။
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Thursday, December 27, 2007
Saturday, December 22, 2007
Vocabulary Chapter-1 (EX)
အရင္ပို႕စ္က အေျဖေတြပါ။
1) comply
2) appropriate
3) alternative
4) drastic
5) acknowlege
6) compel
7) candid
8) anecdote
9) concise
10) avert
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Exercise I: Fill in the blanks
1) Because Frank seems so _____ , everyone believes him even when he tells a lie.
2) The drummer told interesting ____s about famous rock singers he had played for.
3) People often take ____ steps in anger, and they later regret their extreme actions.
4) When he saw no way to ____ the plane crash, the pilot parachuted to saftety.
5) In a traditional wedding, the clergyman or clergy woman is often wordy, while the bride and groom are very ____ , saying just " I do."
6) Any player who does not ___ with the rules will be dropped from the team.
7) A couple of older boys tried to ____ some first-gradders to hand over their lunch money.
8) To earn money for college, Theo felt he had to either join the army or get a job. He didn't like either ____ .
9) When the real ax-murderer confessed, the police had to ____ that the wrong man had been jailed.
10) In most American schools, it is not ____ for students to call their teachers by their first names.
>>>
Exercise II: Fill in the blanks
1-2. " I ___ that you have a perfect right to do whatever you like with your hair, " said the teenage girl's mother. " But, to be ___, I don't find green curls attractive."
3-4. In colonial America, it was thought ____ for a wife to ____ with all her husband's commands.
5-6. " The poor economic situation leaves me no ____, " said the company president. " It ____s me to lay off some of our workers. "
7-8. Our business instructor told an ____ about a company that ____(e)d failure by sharing ownership with all its workers.
9-10. The sale sign was huge but ____. It said only, " _____ price cuts."
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အေျဖမ်ား။ ။
Exericise I >>
1) candid
2) anecdote
3) drastic
4) avert
5) concise
6) comply
7) compel
8) alternative
9) acknowledge
10) appropriate
Exercise II>>
1) acknowledge
2) candid
3) appropriate
4) comply
5) alternative
6) compel
7) anecdote
8) avert
9) concise
10) drastic
မွတ္ခ်က္.. Building Vocabulary Skills စာအုပ္မွကူးယူေဖာ္ျပပါသည္။
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Thursday, December 20, 2007
Vocabulary Chapter-1
ပထမစစခ်င္း ေ၀ါဟာရေတြရဲ႕အဓိပၸာယ္ကို dictionary ထဲမွာမရွာပဲနဲ႕ ေအာက္ကေလ့က်င့္ခန္းေလးနဲ႕စမ္းႀကည့္ပါ။
Vocabulary မ်ား၏အဓိပၸာယ္ေတြကုိ စာေႀကာင္းေတြကေနခန္႕မွန္းျပီးေတာ့ ေအာက္တြင္ေဖာ္ျပထားေသာသံုးလံုးထဲမွအနီးစပ္ဆံုးစာလံုးကိုေရြးပါ။
1) acknowledge - v
- Stubborn people often find it difficult to acknowledge their errors. They hate to admit they were wrong.
- Even after most of the votes had been counted, Senator Rice refused to acknowledge that he had lost.
Acknowledge means- a. to deny b. to admit c. to remember
2) alternative - n
- The teacher stated the alternatives to Tim-retake the test or get a D for the course.
- When her dog began to suffer from cancer, Wanda felt she had no alternative. He would have to be put to sleep.
Alternative means- a. a choice b. a command c. an assignment
3) anecdote - n
- Dad told the children an anecdote about getting his tie caught in a file cabinet at work just as the boss walked in.
- I once heard an anecdote about a stagehand's revenge on a bossy actor. The stagehand put wheels on a table used in the play, so when the actor leaped onto the table during the most dramatic scene, he rolled straight off into the wings.
Anecdote means- a. an error b.a short, interesting story c. an article
4) appropriate- adj
- Chuck has little sense of what is socially appropriate. For example, he went to his sister's wedding in running shoes.
- Although it is appropriate for a man to take his hat off in church, in a synagogue it is proper for a man to cover his head.
Appropriate means- a.illegal b. fun c. proper
5) avert- v
- Renata averted an unpleasant meeting with her ex-boyfriend by leaving the store before he saw her.
- To avert an accident, Larry turned his car sharply to the right and ran into a stop sign.
Avert means- a. to begin b. to prevent c. to report
6) candid- adj
- I'll give you my candid opinion, but you may not like what you hear.
- My heart always sinks when Robbie invites me to his house for dinner. He's a wonderful person, but to be candid, he's a terrible cook.
Candid means- a. honest b. friendly c. careful
7) compel- v
- My history teacher would often compel us to do useless work, such as memorizing the date each state entered the union.
- If the law did not compel people to pay taxes, no one would pay them.
Compel means- a. to help b. to forbid c. to force
8) comply- v
- If someone with an iron pipe demands your wallet, it is safer to comply than to resist.
- "My wife is so used to being the boss at work, " Martin said, "that she is annoyed when I don't comply with her every request at home."
Comply means- a. to argue b. to do as asked c. to hear
9) concise- adj
- Because of limited space, most newspaper articles must be concise.
- Unlike many politicians, our mayor is concise- his speeches are short but say much.
Concise means- a. wordy b. correct c. clear and brief
10) drastic- adj
- The company's new president took drastic steps, closing two factories and laying off three hundred employees.
- "This time I will let you off with just an hour of staying after school, " the pricncipal said, " But if it happens again, the punishment will be more drastic."
Drastic means- a. unimportant b. extreme c. easy
--------------------------------------------
အေျဖမ်ား
1) acknowlege- C [ ၀န္ခံသည္ ]
2) alternative - A [ ေရြးခ်ယ္ျခင္း ]
3) anecdote - B [ ပံုျပင္တုိ ]
4) appropriate - C [ သင့္ေတာ္သည္ ]
5) avert - B [ ကာကြယ္သည္ ]
6) candid - A [ ပြင့္လင္းသည္ ]
7) compel - C [ အတင္းအက်ပ္ခုိင္းေစသည္ ]
8) comply - B [ လုိက္နာသည္ ]
9) concise- C [ လိုရင္းတုိရွင္း]
10) drastic- B [ ျပင္းထန္ထိေရာက္ေသာ]
အခုအဓိပၸာယ္ေတြသိသြားျပီဆိုေတာ့ ဒီေလ့က်င့္ခန္းေလးကိုစမ္းေျဖႀကည့္ပါဦး။ Defintions ေတြကိုသက္ဆုိင္ရာစာလံုးမ်ားႏွင့္တြဲေပးပါ။
1) To do as commanded or asked
2) Proper; suitable to the situation
3) A choice
4) Extreme; harsh or intense
5) To admit or confess
6) To force
7) Very honest
8) An interesting short story about an event
9) Saying much in a few clear words
10) To prevent; to avoid
----------------------------------------------------
ဤေလ့က်င့္ခန္း၏အေျဖႏွင့္ ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲေလ့က်င့္ခန္းမ်ားကို ေနာက္ေန႕တြင္ ဆက္လက္တင္ဆက္ပါမည္။
မွတ္ခ်က္.. Building Vocabulary Skills စာအုပ္မွကူးယူေဖာ္ျပပါသည္။
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